Top 10 Must Learn Chinese Antonyms,Opposites , 必须学会的10组中文反义词 , bì xū xué huì de shí zǔ zhōng wén fǎn yì cí。
例字：Big , 大 , dà。Small , 小 , xiǎo。Many , 多 , duō。Little , 少 , shǎo。Above , 上 , shàng。Below , 下 , xià。Before , 前 , qián。After , 后 , hòu。Left , 左 , zuǒ。Right , 右 , yòu。In , 里 , lǐ。Out , 外 , wài。Open , 开 , kāi。Close , 关 , guān。Fast , 快 , kuài。Slow , 慢 , màn。Wide , 宽 , kuān。Narrow , 窄 , zhǎi。High , 高 , gāo。Low , 低 , dī。Short , 矮 , ǎi。
反义词就是两个意思相反的词，包括：绝对反义词和相对反义词。分为成对的意义相反、互相对立的词。如：真——假，动——静，拥护——反对。这类反义词所表达的概念意义互相排斥。或成对的经常处于并举、对立位置的词。如：黑——白，高山——平地。这类反义词没有矛盾对立关系，但对比鲜明。
Antonyms are two words with opposite meanings, including: absolute antonyms and relative antonyms. Divided into pairs of words with opposite meanings and opposites. Such as: true-false, dynamic-static, support-opposition. The conceptual meanings expressed by such antonyms are mutually exclusive. Or a pair of words that are often in parallel and opposite positions. Such as: black-white, high mountains-flat ground. Such antonyms have no contradictory relationship, but the contrast is sharp.
语言反义词是约定俗成的，大家都这样理解，不以上下文或语境为转移。
概念意义并没有对立或对待关系，作者借用上下文临时用来表示对立或对待的现象，属于一种用词上的变异。如：我惭愧，我还不知道分别铜和银，还不知道分别布和绸，还不知道分别官和民……
“铜”和“银”、“布”和“绸”离开了具体句子，都不是反义词，但在此句中，则生动地表现了卑贱与高贵的对立。而“官”和“民”则是语言反义词，不因语言环境而变化。
反义词或相反词是语言学上的现象，指的是某一对字或单词具有相反意义或定义，如“有”和“无”、“爱”和“恨”、“冷”和“热”都是反义词。
一种语言中的所有词汇不一定都有对应的反义词，如助词、量词、数词、叹词、拟声词等一般就没有反义词。还有一些因没有反义或反义较模糊而没有相应的反义词的词汇。然而大部分语言的反义词属于形容词、名词与动词的词汇，且反義詞與同义词普遍存在於所有的人類語言當中。
一般来说，某词对应的反义词不只限一个，而会包含所有反义词的同义词在内。如“少”、“幼”、“年轻”都可以算是“老”的反义词，因为都是同义词。
不过，因为很多词汇在不同场合可以有不同的定义，所以可能有一个词对应多数完全不同的反义词的情况出现。例如以上“少”作为“老”的反义词，是因为“少”字有“年少”的意思，而如果“少”解读为“少数”的意思，其反义词则应为“多”而非“老”。因此还有特定的词可有几个完全不同定义的反义词，如“白”的反义词在不同场合分别可能是“黑”（如白色与黑色）“红”（如白事与红事，或白军与红军）“文”（如白话与文言）等不同意义的词汇。
Linguistic antonyms are established by convention, and everyone understands it this way, without changing the context or context.
The conceptual meaning has no opposition or treatment relationship. The author uses context temporarily to express the phenomenon of opposition or treatment, which is a kind of wording variation. Such as: I am ashamed. I still don’t know how to distinguish between copper and silver. I still don’t know how to distinguish between cloth and silk. I still don’t know how to distinguish between officials and people…
“Copper” and “silver”, “cloth” and “silk” are not antonyms if they leave the specific sentence, but in this sentence, it vividly shows the opposition between the humble and the noble. “Guan” and “民” are linguistic antonyms and do not change due to the language environment.
Antonyms or opposite words are linguistic phenomena, referring to a pair of words or words with opposite meanings or definitions, such as “have” and “no”, “love” and “hate”, “cold” and “hot” Are all antonyms.
All vocabulary in a language does not necessarily have corresponding antonyms, such as auxiliary words, quantifiers, numerals, interjections, onomatopoeias, etc. generally do not have antonyms. There are also vocabularies that have no corresponding antonyms because there is no antonym or the antonym is vague. However, antonyms in most languages belong to the vocabulary of adjectives, nouns, and verbs, and antonyms and synonyms are common in all human languages.
Generally speaking, there is not only one antonym corresponding to a word, but it will include all the synonyms of the antonym. For example, “less”, “young” and “young” can be regarded as antonyms of “old” because they are all synonyms.
However, because many words can have different definitions on different occasions, there may be cases where one word corresponds to many completely different antonyms. For example, the above “less” is the antonym of “old” because the word “少” means “young”, and if “少” is interpreted as “minority”, the antonym should be “more” instead of “old”. “. Therefore, there are certain words that can have several antonyms with completely different definitions. For example, the antonyms of “white” may be “black” (such as white and black) and “red” (such as white matter and red matter, or white) on different occasions. Army and Red Army) “wen” (such as vernacular and classical Chinese) and other words with different meanings.
